Nos derniers articles

The chain-ladder (CL) method is the most widely used claims reserving technique in non-life insurance. This manuscript introduces a novel approach to computing the CL reserves based on a fundamental restructuring of the data utilization for the CL prediction procedure. Instead of rolling forward the cumulative claims with estimated CL factors, we estimate multi-period factors that project the latest observations directly to the ultimate claims. This alternative perspective on CL reserving creates a natural pathway for the application of machine learning techniques to individual claims reserving. As a proof of concept, we present a small-scale real data application employing neural networks for individual claims reserving.

Cette stratégie érige la cybersécurité en moteur de la **souveraineté numérique** et de la puissance industrielle française. Elle s'articule autour de trois axes majeurs :

1. Innovation et Défense : La cybersécurité est désignée secteur prioritaire. Des programmes comme « Pionniers de l’IA » soutiennent des projets de rupture (ex. : ARKANE), tandis que des investissements massifs (Helsing) renforcent l'IA de défense. La sécurité s'étend également au domaine civil via le projet éducatif OpenEdIAG.
2. Architecture Institutionnelle : L'État structure un cadre de confiance technique. L'**INESIA**, sous l'égide de l'ANSSI et en lien avec l'AMIAD, définit des protocoles d'évaluation rigoureux pour garantir la robustesse des modèles et prévenir les fuites de données en production.
3. Rayonnement International : La France ambitionne d'imposer ses standards lors de sa présidence du **G7 en 2026**, en luttant contre les détournements malveillants. Parallèlement, des initiatives comme celles de la fondation Current AI favorisent l'accès à des outils de sécurité ouverts.

En conclusion, la maîtrise des normes d'évaluation et la sécurisation des systèmes d'IA deviennent des avantages compétitifs, assurant l'intégrité nationale et l'influence diplomatique de la France.ce française du G7 en 2026 concernant la régulation de l'IA ?

EIOPA’s article reports results from a survey of 347 insurance undertakings in 25 European countries on generative AI adoption. It describes that many insurers are increasingly using generative AI, with nearly two-thirds actively deploying tools, mainly for internal productivity tasks, while customer-facing applications remain at proof-of-concept stage. Respondents cited efficiency, cost reduction, customer experience and decision support as drivers. The summary notes challenges including data privacy, security, regulatory compliance and skill gaps, and highlights risks such as inaccurate outputs and third-party reliance. It also describes growing development of dedicated AI governance and risk policies.

Cette neuvième édition de la cartographie prospective analyse les risques majeurs pesant sur le secteur de l'assurance et la société française à l'horizon 2026. Pour la neuvième année consécutive, les cyberattaques dominent le classement en raison de leur sévérité, suivies de près par les incertitudes économiques et une instabilité politique croissante. Bien que le dérèglement climatique demeure une menace structurelle fondamentale sur le long terme, les experts notent un resserrement temporel des dangers, la plupart étant désormais perçus comme imminents. Le rapport souligne également l'émergence de l'intelligence artificielle, considérée simultanément comme un risque opérationnel sérieux et la principale opportunité de transformation pour la profession. Enfin, malgré une forte inquiétude immédiate, les assureurs affichent une certaine confiance dans la capacité de résilience de la France face aux défis de la prochaine décennie.

The outlook frames the cyber risk landscape as shaped by AI-driven threats, geopolitical instability, and widespread cyber-enabled fraud. It notes an AI arms race amplifying vulnerabilities, a fragmented global order increasing state-sponsored threats, and pervasive phishing affecting personal and professional networks. The report highlights a strategic disconnect between CEOs prioritizing financial impacts and CISOs focused on operational risks. It identifies widening “cyber inequity,” with public sector and NGO organizations less resilient due to skill shortages and funding gaps. Overall, the outlook emphasizes that cyber resilience depends on collective action, collaboration, and intelligence sharing.

Europe is facing an unprecedented surge in cyber threats. Malware targeting banking apps alone has grown 200% year-on-year, with affected applications tripling from 600 to 1,800. These numbers reflect a simple truth: cybersecurity is no longer just a tech challenge—it’s a talent challenge.

Despite growing investments, Europe’s cybersecurity skills gap continues to widen, leaving our digital ecosystem exposed. Today, this shortage of skilled professionals is arguably our single greatest vulnerability.

To close this gap, ENISA introduced the European Cybersecurity Skills Framework (ECSF)—a much-needed step toward a common skills language across Member States. Its ambition is right. Its mission is essential. But its practical impact remains limited.

A recent structural analysis highlights six critical gaps holding the ECSF back:

🔹 No seniority levels, making career pathways unclear

🔹 Weak links between tasks, skills, and knowledge, complicating curriculum design

🔹 No graded proficiency levels, limiting meaningful assessment

🔹 Inconsistent role definitions, misaligned with real-world job functions

🔹 Flat, unstructured knowledge lists, difficult to reuse or map

🔹 Lack of scalable coding, hindering interoperability with frameworks like NICE, SFIA, and CyBOK

The good news? These issues are solvable.

A smarter, next-generation ECSF could be built by:

1️⃣ Introducing hierarchical categories for tasks, skills, and knowledge

2️⃣ Defining explicit links between them

3️⃣ Integrating competence tiers

4️⃣ Adding junior–mid–senior levels

5️⃣ Creating a modular structure for emerging domains

6️⃣ Mapping skills directly to training and certifications

This is more than framework design—it’s a strategic investment in Europe’s digital sovereignty. A coherent ECSF empowers educators, enables precise hiring, enhances mobility across Member States, and builds the coordinated workforce we urgently need.

This annual report analyzes how cybersecurity policy translates into practical actions, investments, and operational changes within organizations across the EU, particularly those in high-criticality sectors under the NIS2 Directive. The findings, based on a survey of over 1,000 professionals, highlight that while regulatory compliance is the main driver of investment, challenges persist, such as the cyber talent crunch and difficulties with fundamental tasks like patching and security assessments. Key insights from the report show a shift in spending toward technology and outsourcing, and an ongoing concern over ransomware and supply-chain attacks. This ENISA study ultimately aims to inform policymakers by revealing the practical obstacles and shifting priorities faced by entities working to enhance their cyber resilience.

This paper explores the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity, emphasizing AI's critical role in modern digital defense. The abstract and introduction establish the urgent need for advanced security solutions due to the increasing reliance on digital platforms and the rise of cyber threats. The research specifically examines how AI technologies like machine learning and deep learning enhance threat detection and incident response for organizations. Conversely, the document addresses significant risks associated with AI in security, including algorithmic bias, adversarial attacks, and the threat of deepfake technologies. Finally, the conclusion argues that AI's benefits outweigh its drawbacks when implemented with robust mitigation strategies, such as quantum security and human oversight, ensuring ethical and effective use.

The paper summarizes a study of U.S. listed firms (2010‑2022) that examines how major cyber incidents—defined as events affecting ≥10,000 individuals or disclosed in an 8‑K—drive lasting upgrades in personnel, technology, and architecture. Findings indicate a 27% rise in cybersecurity hiring that persists for at least two years, alongside increased adoption of specialized software (+30%), cloud services (+11%), and memory‑safe languages (+50‑60%). Breached firms often surpass peers, and spillover effects occur through industry and IT‑system similarity networks, but not via geographic proximity. Cyber‑insurance coverage correlates with muted responses, suggesting potential moral hazard.

This peer review assesses the Dutch authorities' frameworks for monitoring cyber risks, implementing supervisory practices, and coordinating incident response mechanisms. Key findings highlight the Netherlands' significant progress, including the development of the Threat Intelligence-Based Ethical Red-teaming (TIBER) and Advanced Red Teaming (ART) frameworks, while also identifying areas for improvement, such as streamlining information sharing mechanisms and analyzing third-party risks. Overall, the report underscores the persistent challenges posed by the evolving threat landscape and the strategic steps taken by the Netherlands to maintain financial stability against operational and cyber threats.