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The paper discusses the proposed #climatechange #disclosure rules by the #sec, which would mandate companies to provide detailed disclosures on the impact of climate change on their financial performance and policies. The authors conducted a study using hand-collected data from 99 annual reports of 34 S&P 500 companies from 2019 to 2021, finding that 91% of the #annualreports included some disclosures on climate-related risks. The study found a positive relationship between climate-related disclosures and firms’ financial performance.

"Insights from scenario analysis may help inform the use of ‘hard’ macroprudential tools to foster the robustness and resilience of the banking system against climate-induced shocks. Against the backdrop of the ongoing reform of the EU’s macroprudential framework, the paper explores how the macroprudential toolkit could be adjusted to the reality of climate-related financial risks."

"... climate change exacerbates financial instability, but adaptation can build resilience to climate impacts."

" The global climate crisis and the economy’s green transition are giving rise to new types of risks for banks. This paper analyses some of the key international bank regulatory standards, namely disclosure, risk management, governance and regulatory capital. "

"… our findings reveal that climate change uncertainty can trigger firms to invest more in CSR activities to hedge against future climate risks.”

"We summarize core features of a capital regime such as expected and unexpected losses, regulatory ratios and risk-weighted assets, and minimum requirements and buffers, and then consider where climate-related risk drivers may be relevant."

"... ESG, properly understood, is merely a collection of quite disparate risks that corporations face, from climate change to human capital to diversity to relations among the board, management, shareholders, and other stakeholders."

"... we characterize Pareto-optimal risk-sharing contracts in a market with multiple policyholders and one representative insurer. With minimal assumptions on the risk measures of the parties involved, we characterize Pareto optimality in terms of the minimization of a sum of the agents' risk positions, and we relate it to both the core and coalitional stability of an associated market game. In the special case of coherent risk measures, the optimal indemnity schedules are further characterized in explicit form, in terms of what can be called "worst-case probability measures". "

"We model a setting where a firm must choose when to adapt to climate-induced resource scarcity based on objective expectations of climate change (climate projections), and is influenced by both risk (annual variability in climate projections) and ambiguity (inability to assign probabilities to various climate projections)."

"... as liquidity providers, well-capitalized banks support economic adaptation to climate change."