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The ESAs published their fourth annual report on voluntary disclosures of principal adverse impacts (PAIs) under the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) on 9 September 2025. It records continued enhancement in the completeness and quality of PAI disclosures at both entity and product levels, especially among large multinational firms. Smaller entities, however, frequently merge general ESG messaging with SFDR reporting. National Competent Authorities noted uptake of previously highlighted good practices. The report also offers recommendations for NCAs’ supervisory roles and guidance for the European Commission ahead of SFDR’s next review.

The study examines the relationship between ESG variables and financial risk, measured through logarithmic volatility. It introduces the Hierarchical Variable Selection (HVS) algorithm, designed for ESG datasets, which is reported to outperform aggregated ESG scores and traditional selection models by providing higher explanatory power with fewer variables. Findings suggest that ESG risk factors vary across sectors and between large- and small-cap firms, influenced by differences in regulation, expectations, and strategy. The authors highlight the robustness and adaptability of HVS, noting its effectiveness in identifying risk-relevant ESG variables across industries and its potential for broader applications in hierarchical datasets.

“ESG integration enhances bank stability and competitiveness, contributing to sustainable economic development.”

Implementing Agenda 2030 and its global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires a concerted effort from institutions and the private sector. Sustainable Finance plays a crucial role in achieving this. International directives like Sustainability Reporting are shaping the landscape, emphasizing ESG criteria. This paper compares various sustainability frameworks and highlights the importance of ESG criteria for sustainability analyses and portfolio selection. It also suggests an integrated ERM framework to align sustainability with financial decisions, enhancing coherence with SDGs and facilitating cross-framework integration.