This paper explores potential revisions to the calculation of the #solvencyII#risk margin (RM) and contributes to the ongoing discussion by formally defining the concept of capital-on-capital cost. The paper highlights the need for practitioners to consider capital-on-capital costs in their #lifeinsurance#riskmanagement frameworks and for policymakers to carefully evaluate the potential impact of any revisions to the calculation of the RM.
The theory of regulatory compliance has enabled the development of differential monitoring, emphasizing tailored, impactful regulations over uniform approaches, proving crucial in risk assessment and
This paper defines vector-valued risk measures using axioms and shows they ignore dependence structures of input random vectors, unlike set-valued risk measures. Convex vector-valued risk measures are
The paper empirically analyzes the ECB's climate-risk-related supervisory efforts' impact on banks' climate risk exposure, management, and green finance activities. Using a difference-in-difference se